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      logback系列一之入门
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        <h2 id="u7B80_u4ECB"><a href="#u7B80_u4ECB" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h2><p>　　Logback是由log4j创始人设计的又一个开源日志组件。logback当前分成三个模块：logback-core、logback- classic和logback-access。logback-core是其它两个模块的基础模块。logback-classic是log4j的一个改良版本。此外logback-classic实现了SLF4J API，这样使你可以很方便地更换成其它日志系统如log4j或JDK14 Logging。logback-access访问模块与Servlet容器集成提供通过Http来访问日志的功能。<br>　　Logback作为新一代的日志框架，大有取代log4j的趋势。使用logback和log4j十分相似，log4j的属性配置文件可以通过工具<a href="http://logback.qos.ch/translator/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://logback.qos.ch/translator/</a>转换为logback的配置文件放到类路径里面去，另外再将logback的类库logback-core，logback-classic加入到类路径中去就搞定了。</p>
<h2 id="u73AF_u5883_u642D_u5EFA"><a href="#u73AF_u5883_u642D_u5EFA" class="headerlink" title="环境搭建"></a>环境搭建</h2><p>　　首先，我们引入在maven项目中引入jar包logback-classic，该包依赖的slf4j-api和logback-core，无需再引入。<br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span>ch.qos.logback<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>logback-classic<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span>1.1.3<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　这里仍然采用之前的测试类。<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.slf4j.Logger;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Demo</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Demo.class);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(log);</span><br><span class="line">        log.trace(<span class="string">"trace信息"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        log.debug(<span class="string">"debug信息"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        log.info(<span class="string">"info信息"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        log.warn(<span class="string">"warn信息"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        log.error(<span class="string">"error信息"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　最后新建logback.xml配置文件，如下：<br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="pi">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">configuration</span> <span class="attribute">scan</span>=<span class="value">"true"</span> <span class="attribute">scanPeriod</span>=<span class="value">"4 seconds"</span> <span class="attribute">debug</span>=<span class="value">"false"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">jmxConfigurator</span>/&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">contextName</span>&gt;</span>Authority-Manager<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">contextName</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">property</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"LOG_HOME"</span> <span class="attribute">value</span>=<span class="value">"C:/logs/authority-manager/"</span> /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 控制台输出日志 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">appender</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"STDOUT"</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">layout</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">pattern</span>&gt;</span>%d&#123;yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss&#125; [%thread] %-5level %logger&#123;36&#125; - %msg%n<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">pattern</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">layout</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">appender</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 文件输出日志 (文件大小策略进行文件输出，超过指定大小对文件备份)--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">appender</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"FILE"</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">File</span>&gt;</span>$&#123;LOG_HOME&#125;/file.log<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">File</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">&lt;!--当SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy触发时（即文件大小达到100MB），</span><br><span class="line">            则启动FixedWindowsRollingPolicy对日志文件进行滚动。</span><br><span class="line">            MinIndex和MaxIndex分别表示最小计数和最大计数。 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">rollingPolicy</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.FixedWindowRollingPolicy"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">FileNamePattern</span>&gt;</span>file.log.%i.bak<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">FileNamePattern</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">MinIndex</span>&gt;</span>1<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">MinIndex</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">MaxIndex</span>&gt;</span>12<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">MaxIndex</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">rollingPolicy</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">triggeringPolicy</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">MaxFileSize</span>&gt;</span>10MB<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">MaxFileSize</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">triggeringPolicy</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">layout</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">Pattern</span>&gt;</span>%d&#123;yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss&#125; [%thread] %-5level %logger&#123;36&#125; - %msg%n<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">Pattern</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">layout</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">appender</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">&lt;!--每天生成一个日志文件，保存30天的日志文件。--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">appender</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"DayFile"</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">File</span>&gt;</span>$&#123;LOG_HOME&#125;/dayFile.log<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">File</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">rollingPolicy</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">fileNamePattern</span>&gt;</span>dayFile.%d&#123;yyyy-MM-dd&#125;.log<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">fileNamePattern</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">maxHistory</span>&gt;</span>30<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">maxHistory</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">rollingPolicy</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">encoder</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">pattern</span>&gt;</span>%-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger&#123;35&#125; - %msg%n<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">pattern</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">encoder</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">appender</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 日志输出级别 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">root</span> <span class="attribute">level</span>=<span class="value">" "</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">appender-ref</span> <span class="attribute">ref</span>=<span class="value">"STDOUT"</span> /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">appender-ref</span> <span class="attribute">ref</span>=<span class="value">"FILE"</span> /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">root</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">&lt;!--权限拦截器日志打印--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">logger</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"com.shihc.logback.demo"</span> <span class="attribute">level</span>=<span class="value">"DEBUG"</span> <span class="attribute">additivity</span>=<span class="value">"false"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">&lt;!--同时向控制台和文件中输出--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">appender-ref</span> <span class="attribute">ref</span>=<span class="value">"STDOUT"</span>/&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">appender-ref</span> <span class="attribute">ref</span>=<span class="value">"FILE"</span> /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">logger</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">logger</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"org.mybatis.spring"</span> <span class="attribute">level</span>=<span class="value">"INFO"</span> <span class="attribute">additivity</span>=<span class="value">"false"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">&lt;!--同时向控制台和文件中输出--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">appender-ref</span> <span class="attribute">ref</span>=<span class="value">"STDOUT"</span>/&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">appender-ref</span> <span class="attribute">ref</span>=<span class="value">"FILE"</span> /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">logger</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　运行代码即可看到效果。如果对log4j的配置很熟悉的同学应该可以发现，这两者的配置都差不多，很多的概念几乎都一样，这里便不再对配置文件做过多的介绍。</p>
<h2 id="slf4j_u96C6_u6210"><a href="#slf4j_u96C6_u6210" class="headerlink" title="slf4j集成"></a>slf4j集成</h2><p>　　我们打开logback-classic的源码便可以发现，其存在两个主要的jar包，一个为ch.qos.logback.classic、另一个则与我们在slf4j-log4j12包中看到的一致，为org.slf4j.impl。在org.slf4j.impl包中，实现了类StaticLoggerBinder，正是之前文章提到的，如果第三方日志实现框架（这里指logback）与slf4j进行集成需要实现的类。</p>
<h2 id="Logback_u5305"><a href="#Logback_u5305" class="headerlink" title="Logback包"></a>Logback包</h2><p>　　Logback主要分为三个包：logback-core，logback-classic，logback-access<br>　　1. logback-core 是核心；<br>　　2. logback-classic 改善了log4j，且自身实现了SLF4J 必要接口，所以即使用Logback你仍然可以使用其他的日志实现，如原始的Log4J、java.util.logging等；<br>　　3. logback-access 让你方便的访问日志信息，如通过 http 的方式。</p>

      
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